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Romano-British farmstead on Beanley Moor, 500m SSE of Broom House

Listed on the National Heritage List for England. Search over 400,000 listed places

Overview

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1007452
Date first listed:: 02-Dec-1993

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Official list entry

Heritage Category:: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number:: 1007452
Date first listed:: 02-Dec-1993

Location

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

District:: Northumberland (Unitary Authority)
Parish:: Hedgeley
National Grid Reference:: NU 10532 18538

Reasons for Designation

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non- defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common. Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known. These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common, although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography. All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be identified as nationally important.

The farmstead south-east of Broom House is exceptionally well preserved and an outstanding example of a small farmstead. This form of enclosure is more commonly associated with the North Tyne area and as such its situation in upland Northumberland is of additional interest.

Details

The monument includes the remains of a farmstead of Romano-British date situated near the edge of West Corbie Crags. The farmstead is a virtual square in shape with rounded corners and measures a maximum of 25m across within an earth and stone bank 6m wide and varying in height from 0.5m to 1.3m. Outside the bank there is a ditch 0.8m deep and 3m wide with a slight counter-scarp bank 0.8m high on its outer edge. An entrance lies in the centre of the east side, carried across the ditch on a causeway, the northern side of which is lined with large stones. Within the enclosure there are the foundations of three prehistoric circular houses; each house is 5m in diameter within stone and earth walls 1m wide.

MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number:: 21020
Legacy System:: RSM

Sources

Books and journals
Jobey, G, 'Archaeologia Aeliana, 4 ser 42' in Enclosed Stone Built Settlements in Northumberland, (1964), 64
Other
56,
M-SS of G Tube, HBNC 18 pt 1, (1890)

Legal

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.